Ò.Í. ËÀØÊÈÍÀ,
ó÷èòåëü øêîëû ¹23, ã. Ñûçðàíü
Ïðîäîëæåíèå. Ñì.¹ 16, 17, 18,19, 20, 21/2002
Èãðîâûå çàäàíèÿ ïî çîîëîãèè.
Òåìà «Òèï ×ëåíèñòîíîãèå»
Ïðè âûïîëíåíèè çàäàíèé ñîåäèíÿéòå óêàçàííûå òî÷êè ïî ëèíåéêå – ïðè ýòîì ëèíèÿ ìîæåò ïðîõîäèòü è ÷åðåç äðóãèå òî÷êè, íå óêàçàííûå â ïðàâèëüíîé ïîñëåäîâàòåëüíîñòè.
Çàäàíèå 18. «Êðàá» (ðèñ. 18)
Âûáåðèòå ïî äâà ïðàâèëüíûõ îòâåòà ê êàæäîìó âîïðîñó.
Ðèñ. 18À. Òî÷å÷íûé ðèñóíîê ê çàäàíèþ 18
1. Ê íèçøèì ðàêîîáðàçíûì îòíîñÿòñÿ:
à) îñòðàêîäû (12–10–13–12);
á) ìîðñêèå æåëóäè (14–11–15–14);
â) ìîêðèöû (12–13–14–15);
ã) áîêîïëàâû (12–10–9–13);
ä) îìàðû (12–10–11–14);
å) êðàáû (14–11–10–14).
2. Ê âûñøèì ðàêîîáðàçíûì îòíîñÿòñÿ:
à) öèêëîïû (2–3–4–5–1);
á) äàôíèè (16–6–7–8–9);
â) âîäÿíûå îñëèêè (9–6–16–7–6);
ã) ìîðñêèå óòî÷êè (1–2–3–4–5);
ä) ýâôàóçèäû (2–4–1–5–3);
å) îñòðàêîäû (1–16–6–5–4).
3. Ê ñóõîïóòíûì ðàêîîáðàçíûì îòíîñÿòñÿ:
à) êàì÷àòñêèå êðàáû (8–7–57–54);
á) ìîêðèöû (33–30–24–21);
â) îìàðû (8–54–7–30);
ã) ëàíãóñòû (33–24–30–21);
ä) êðåâåòêè (24–7–54–57);
å) ïàëüìîâûé âîð (8–7–54–57).
4. Ê ïðåñíîâîäíûì ðàêîîáðàçíûì îòíîñÿòñÿ:
à) âîäÿíûå îñëèêè (55–52–51–50–42);
á) ïàëüìîâûé âîð (46–45–44–38–37);
â) ëàíãóñòû (55–45–50–51–38);
ã) äàôíèè (46–45–44–37–38);
ä) îìàðû (55–51–52–42–50);
å) ìàíÿùèé êðàá (46–51–45–55–52).
5. Ê ìîðñêèì ðàêîîáðàçíûì îòíîñÿòñÿ:
à) äàôíèè (35–38–36–39–40);
á) öèêëîïû (43–42–41–40–39);
â) ýâôàóçèäû (35–39–41–43–47);
ã) ùèòíè (38–39–40–41–42);
ä) îìàðû (38–36–42–40–35);
å) âîäÿíûå îñëèêè (40–36–44–35–39).
6. Â ñâîåîáðàçíûõ èçâåñòêîâûõ äîìèêàõ, ïîõîæèõ íà ðàêîâèíû ìîëëþñêîâ, æèâóò:
à) âîäÿíûå îñëèêè (47–49–48–53–56);
á) ìîðñêèå óòî÷êè (47–48–49–53–56);
â) ìîðñêèå æåëóäè (17–22–23–25–29);
ã) àðòåìèè (17–23–22–25–29);
ä) ëàíãóñòû (17–56–53–22–29);
å) êðåâåòêè (47–49–56–17–22).
7. Ïàðàçèòàìè ðûá ñðåäè ðàêîîáðàçíûõ ÿâëÿþòñÿ:
à) ðà÷îê àðãóëþñ (29–31–34–27–28);
á) ðà÷îê ýðãàçèëþñ (23–26–28–32–33);
â) ìîðñêîé æåëóäü (29–23–31–26–33);
ã) ãàììàðóñ (29–28–27–26–23);
ä) ìîêðèöà (23–26–27–28–29);
å) ùèòåíü (23–31–27–33–34).
8. Ðàêîîáðàçíûå, êîòîðûå ïðèêðåïëÿþòñÿ ê äíèùàì ñóäîâ è òåì ñàìûì ñíèæàþò èõ õîäîâûå êà÷åñòâà:
à) ãàììàðóñû (21–18–20);
á) ìîðñêèå æåëóäè (6–17–19);
â) ýâôàóçèäû (17–20–21);
ã) âîäÿíûå îñëèêè (6–19–18);
ä) ìîðñêèå óòî÷êè (21–20–18);
å) àðòåìèè (17–18–19).
Ðèñ. 18Á. Ïðàâèëüíî âûïîëíåííîå çàäàíèå 18
(Ïðàâèëüíûå îòâåòû: 12–10–13–12 è 14–11–15–14; 9–6–16–7–6 è 2–4–1–5–3; 33–30–24–21 è 8–7–54–57; 55–52–51–50–42 è 46–45–44–37–38; 35–39–41–43–47 è 38–36–42–40–35; 47–48–49–53–56 è 17–22–23–25–29; 29–31–34–27–28 è 23–26–28–32–33; 6–17–19 è 21–20–18.)
Êëàññ Ïàóêîîáðàçíûå
Çàäàíèå 19. «Ïàóòèíà» (ðèñ. 19)
Âûáåðèòå ïî äâà ïðàâèëüíûõ îòâåòà ê êàæäîìó âîïðîñó.
Ðèñ. 19À. Òî÷å÷íûé ðèñóíîê ê çàäàíèþ 19
1. Îðãàíàìè äûõàíèÿ ïàóêîîáðàçíûõ ÿâëÿþòñÿ:
à) æàáðû (1–4–13–3–2);
á) òðàõåè (1–4–3–2–11);
â) ïàóòèííûå ó÷àñòêè ïå÷åíè (43–4–5–42–1);
ã) ïàóòèííûå áîðîäàâêè (1–2–13–4–3);
ä) ñïåöèàëüíûå ó÷àñòêè êèøå÷íèêà (4–42–5–1–4);
å) ëåãêèå (43–4–5–1–42).
2. Ê ïàóêîîáðàçíûì îòíîñÿòñÿ:
à) äàôíèè (32–1–6–44–8);
á) êàðàêàòèöû (6–32–1–5–45);
â) êëåùè (32–1–6–5–44);
ã) ýâôàóçèäû (6–7–44–32–45);
ä) ïàëüìîâûé âîð (45–7–32–44–1);
å) ñêîðïèîíû (6–7–8–1–45).
3. ßä íåêîòîðûõ ïàóêîîáðàçíûõ ïðåäñòàâëÿåò ñåðüåçíóþ îïàñíîñòü äëÿ æèçíè ÷åëîâåêà. Îñîáåííî îïàñíû:
à) ôàëàíãà (38–8–40–9–31);
á) ïàóê-êðåñòîâèê (1–8–9–41–30);
â) êàðàêóðò (41–22–31–30–29);
ã) ñåíîêîñåö (41–22–30–9–8);
ä) ïàóê-ïòèöåÿä (38–8–9–1–40);
å) äîìîâûå ïàóêè (29–31–8–1–30).
4. Ýòè ïàóêîîáðàçíûå íå ïðåäñòàâëÿþò íèêàêîé îïàñíîñòè äëÿ ÷åëîâåêà:
à) êàðàêóðò (22–23–39–24–20);
á) ïàóê-êðåñòîâèê (1–22–23–24–39);
â) äîìîâîé ïàóê (24–19–20–21–12);
ã) ñêîðïèîí (24–20–19–21–41);
ä) þæíîðóññêèé òàðàíòóë (1–22–24–41–2);
å) ïòèöåÿä (41–12–23–21–1).
5. Ê ðîþùèì ïàóêàì îòíîñÿòñÿ:
à) êàðàêóðò (11–10–9–19);
á) òàðàíòóë (15–14–13–12);
â) ïàóê-êðåñòîâèê (13–9–15–10);
ã) ïàóê-ñåðåáðÿíêà (11–10–13–12);
ä) ïàóê-ïòèöåÿä (15–13–11–9);
å) äîìîâîé ïàóê (9–10–12–14).
6. Ê ñîáñòâåííî ïàóêàì (îòðÿä Ïàóêè) îòíîñÿòñÿ:
à) ñåíîêîñåö (19–18–24–25–17);
á) ñåðåáðÿíêà (19–18–17–16–15);
â) ñêîðïèîí (17–26–16–27–6);
ã) ôðèíû (24–18–26–16–15);
ä) ñîëüïóãà (19–24–25–17–26);
å) òàðàíòóë (24–25–26–27–6).
7. Ê ïàðàçèòè÷åñêèì êëåùàì îòíîñÿòñÿ:
à) êóðèíûé êëåù (41–32–33–34–35–36);
á) ÷åñîòî÷íûé êëåù (29–28–27–36–37);
â) âèííûé êëåù (41–29–32–33–34–35); .
ã) ìó÷íîé êëåù (32–29–28–27–36);
ä) ëóêîâè÷íûé êëåù (36–37–35–34–33–45);
å) ñûðíûé êëåù (36–29–33–31–32).
Ðèñ 19Á. Ïðàâèëüíî âûïîëíåííîå çàäàíèå 19
(Ïðàâèëüíûå îòâåòû: 1–4–3–2–11 è 43–4–5–1–42; 32–1–6–5–44 è 6–7–8–1–45; 41–22–31–30–29 è 38–8–9–1–40; 1–22–23–24–39 è 24–19–20–21–12; 11–10–9–19 è 15–14–13–12; 19–18–17–16–15 è 24–25–26–27–6; 41–32–33–34–35–36 è 29–28–27–36–37.)
Çàäàíèå 20. «Ïàóê» (ðèñ. 20)
Âûáåðèòå ïðàâèëüíûå óòâåðæäåíèÿ.
Ðèñ. 20À. Òî÷å÷íûé ðèñóíîê ê çàäàíèþ 20
1. ×ëåíèñòîíîãèå – ñàìûé êðóïíûé ïî êîëè÷åñòâó âèäîâ òèï æèâîòíûõ (19–11–1–13–20).
2. Ê ÷ëåíèñòîíîãèì îòíîñÿòñÿ ðàêè, íåðåèäû, ïàóêè, íàñåêîìûå (1–2–3–10).
3. Ïàóêîîáðàçíûå èìåþò õèòèíîâûé ïîêðîâ (22–12–1–14–21).
4. Õèòèíîâûé ïîêðîâ íå ïðîïóñêàåò âîäó (11–12–23–24).
5. Ó ïàóêîâ èìåþòñÿ ÿäîâèòûå æåëåçû (7–2–9).
6. Âñå ïàóêè äûøàò àòìîñôåðíûì âîçäóõîì (8–2–10).
7. Ó ïàóêîâ-âîëêîâ îòñóòñòâóþò ÿäîâèòûå æåëåçû (2–7–9).
8. Îðãàíû äûõàíèÿ ïàóêîâ – ëåãî÷íûé ìåøîê è òðàõåè (5–3–6–4–5).
9. Âñå ïàóêè – õèùíèêè (17–24–27–22–5).
10. Æåëóäîê ó ïàóêîâ öåäèëüíûé (19–20–4–21–22).
11. Ó ïàóêîâ ãëàçà ïðîñòûå, èõ ìíîãî (16–25–28–21–6).
12. Êëåùè èìåþò ñëèòíîå òåëî: ó íèõ íåëüçÿ ðàçëè÷èòü íè ãîëîâó, íè ãîëîâîãðóäü, íè áðþøêî (18–23–30–33–47).
13. Ó ñêîðïèîíà, êàê è ó ðàêà, ïÿòü ïàð õîäèëüíûõ íîã. Ïåðåäíèå íîãè èìåþò êëåøíè (39–32–22–21–4).
14. Íåðâíàÿ ñèñòåìà ó ïàóêîâ áîëåå ðàçâèòà, ÷åì ó ðàêîâ (15–26–29–36–53).
15. Ïàóêè ðàçäåëüíîïîëûå æèâîòíûå (31–34–46).
16. Ñàìêè ïàóêîâ îáû÷íî êðóïíåå ñàìöîâ (32–35–52).
17. Ðàçâèòèå ïàóêîîáðàçíûõ ïðÿìîå, ïðîòåêàåò áåç ïðåâðàùåíèÿ (27–37–44).
18. Äëÿ âñåõ ïàóêîâ õàðàêòåðíî ïëåòåíèå ëîâ÷åé ñåòè (32–37–52).
19. Ïàóêîîáðàçíûå îòëè÷àþòñÿ îò äðóãèõ êëàññîâ ÷ëåíèñòîíîãèõ, â ÷àñòíîñòè, òåì, ÷òî ó íèõ îòñóòñòâóþò óñèêè (28–38–43–44).
20. Ñêîðïèîíû íå êóñàþò, à æàëÿò (39–55–45–57–41).
21. Âñå êëåùè – ïàðàçèòû æèâîòíûõ è âðåäèòåëè ðàñòåíèé (52–53–39–42–44).
22. Êàðàêóðò îòíîñèòñÿ ê ðîþùèì ïàóêàì (40–56–45–58–42).
23. Ïàóê-ñåðåáðÿíêà îòíîñèòñÿ ê ìîðñêèì ïàóêîîáðàçíûì (52–50–53).
24. Ïîäàâëÿþùåå ÷èñëî âèäîâ ïàóêîîáðàçíûõ ÿâëÿþòñÿ ñóõîïóòíûìè ôîðìàìè (48–50–51).
25. Ôàëàíãè (ñîëüïóãè) îòíîñÿòñÿ ê êëàññó ïàóêîîáðàçíûõ, íî íå îòíîñÿòñÿ ê îòðÿäó ïàóêîâ (49–50–54).
Ðèñ. 20Á. Ïðàâèëüíî âûïîëíåííîå çàäàíèå 20
(Ïðàâèëüíûå îòâåòû: 19–11–1–13–20; 22–12–1–14–21; 7–2–9; 8–2–10; 5–3–6–4–5; 17–24–27–22–5; 16–25–28–21–6; 18–23–30–33–47; 15–26–29–36–53; 31–34–46; 32–35–52; 27–37–44; 28–38–43–44; 39–55–45–57–41; 40–56–45–58–42; 48–50–51; 49–50–54.)
Ïðîäîëæåíèå ñëåäóåò
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